TY - JOUR
T1 - A reduced model for the freezing step in ice cream manufacture
AU - Dorneanu, Bogdan
AU - Bildea, Costin S.
AU - Grievink, Johan
AU - Bongers, Peter M.
N1 - Funding Information:
The financial support of the European Commission and Unilever R&D, The Netherlands is gratefully acknowledged.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - This contribution deals with the development of a reduced yet complex model, to support process design and operation. The model is computationally effective. The main physical phenomena considered in the model are the axial convective transport of mass, the radial outflow of heat at coolant wall to the refrigerant, the growth of the frozen ice layer, the periodic removal of the ice crystals by scraping and the melting of the ice crystal population in the bulk liquid. Rate equations for the relevant physical phenomena, as well as phase equilibrium conditions and thermodynamic equations of state are also present. The target output variables to meet the product quality specifications are the ice crystals size and the air content. Results of some preliminary steady state simulations are presented.
AB - This contribution deals with the development of a reduced yet complex model, to support process design and operation. The model is computationally effective. The main physical phenomena considered in the model are the axial convective transport of mass, the radial outflow of heat at coolant wall to the refrigerant, the growth of the frozen ice layer, the periodic removal of the ice crystals by scraping and the melting of the ice crystal population in the bulk liquid. Rate equations for the relevant physical phenomena, as well as phase equilibrium conditions and thermodynamic equations of state are also present. The target output variables to meet the product quality specifications are the ice crystals size and the air content. Results of some preliminary steady state simulations are presented.
KW - Freezing
KW - Ice cream
KW - Model reduction
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U2 - 10.1016/S1570-7946(10)28045-8
DO - 10.1016/S1570-7946(10)28045-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:77955202433
VL - 28
SP - 265
EP - 270
JO - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering
JF - Computer Aided Chemical Engineering
SN - 1570-7946
IS - C
ER -