Challenging issues of fresh water within the territory of East Kazakhstan and adjacent areas of central Kazakhstan

Pollution of fresh drinking water resources is one of the most important anthropogenic problems. Along with the growing population in the world and development of industry and agriculture, the growth of environmental pollution, the issue of clean drinking water has become more urgent and will soon become one of the most important problems worldwide. The results of the research show that nowadays groundwater, especially in large and populous cities of the world, face many problems. The penetration of industrial waste into the soil, the presence of absorbing wells for the disposal of human activity, excessive use of detergents and chemical cleaners, ingress of chemical fertilizers and pesticides into the earth pollute groundwater in the most serious, if not irreversible way. The study of drinking groundwater of Kazakhstan is one of the most urgent problems that should ensure the water security of the country in the face of increasing negative processes in most of the country.