Construction and demolition waste management on construction sites in Kazakhstan

The rapid development of the construction industry in Kazakhstan has led to the formation of construction and demolition (C&D) waste which significantly affects the environment. C&D waste contains hazardous materials in significant quantities which have an adverse effect on the public health and the en\Tronment. It is essential to reduce C&D waste. This paper focuses on the determination of appropriate C&D waste management strategies. C&D waste minimization techniques such as reducing, reusing, recycling, bioremediation, composting, and incmeration were identified and explored through the literature review. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate current C&D waste management practices on construction sites m Kazakhstan. The questionnaire survey was sent to 270 respondents mil companies in different cities of Kazakhstan. The response rate of the questionnaire was about 93%. It was found that recycling was the most appropriate method for waste minimization on construction sites in Kazakhstan. The mformation which came from the questionnaire survey helped to understand how to apply the recycling methodology on construction sites with benefits and drawbacks. Consequently, after identifying a proper waste minimization method, it is necessary to prepare an adequate site waste management plan.