Abstract
In the literature on sanctions effectiveness, scholars have identified a number of factors that may contribute to sanctions success. However, existing empirical studies provide mixed findings concerning the effects of these factors. This research note explores two possible reasons for this lack of consistency in the literature. First, informed by the recent theories that suggest threats are an important part of sanctions episodes, we analyze both threats and imposed sanctions. Second, to lessen model dependency of empirical findings, we employ a methodology that permits us to check systematically the robustness of the empirical results under various model specifications. Using the newly released Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions data, our analyses of both threats and imposed sanctions show that two factors-involvement of international institutions and severe costs on target states-are positively and robustly related to sanctions success at every stage in sanctions episodes. Our analyses also identify a number of other variables that are systematically related to sanctions success, but the significance of these relationships depends on the specific model estimated. Finally, our results point to a number of differences at the threat and imposition stages, which suggests specific selection effects that should be explored in future work.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 79-98 |
| Number of pages | 20 |
| Journal | International Interactions |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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Keywords
- economic sanctions
- international institutions
- sensitivity analysis
- threats
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Political Science and International Relations
Cite this
Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness : Sensitivity Analysis Using New Data. / Bapat, Navin A.; Heinrich, Tobias; Kobayashi, Yoshiharu; Morgan, T. Clifton.
In: International Interactions, Vol. 39, No. 1, 2013, p. 79-98.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Determinants of Sanctions Effectiveness
T2 - Sensitivity Analysis Using New Data
AU - Bapat, Navin A.
AU - Heinrich, Tobias
AU - Kobayashi, Yoshiharu
AU - Morgan, T. Clifton
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - In the literature on sanctions effectiveness, scholars have identified a number of factors that may contribute to sanctions success. However, existing empirical studies provide mixed findings concerning the effects of these factors. This research note explores two possible reasons for this lack of consistency in the literature. First, informed by the recent theories that suggest threats are an important part of sanctions episodes, we analyze both threats and imposed sanctions. Second, to lessen model dependency of empirical findings, we employ a methodology that permits us to check systematically the robustness of the empirical results under various model specifications. Using the newly released Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions data, our analyses of both threats and imposed sanctions show that two factors-involvement of international institutions and severe costs on target states-are positively and robustly related to sanctions success at every stage in sanctions episodes. Our analyses also identify a number of other variables that are systematically related to sanctions success, but the significance of these relationships depends on the specific model estimated. Finally, our results point to a number of differences at the threat and imposition stages, which suggests specific selection effects that should be explored in future work.
AB - In the literature on sanctions effectiveness, scholars have identified a number of factors that may contribute to sanctions success. However, existing empirical studies provide mixed findings concerning the effects of these factors. This research note explores two possible reasons for this lack of consistency in the literature. First, informed by the recent theories that suggest threats are an important part of sanctions episodes, we analyze both threats and imposed sanctions. Second, to lessen model dependency of empirical findings, we employ a methodology that permits us to check systematically the robustness of the empirical results under various model specifications. Using the newly released Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions data, our analyses of both threats and imposed sanctions show that two factors-involvement of international institutions and severe costs on target states-are positively and robustly related to sanctions success at every stage in sanctions episodes. Our analyses also identify a number of other variables that are systematically related to sanctions success, but the significance of these relationships depends on the specific model estimated. Finally, our results point to a number of differences at the threat and imposition stages, which suggests specific selection effects that should be explored in future work.
KW - economic sanctions
KW - international institutions
KW - sensitivity analysis
KW - threats
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84874187946&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84874187946&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/03050629.2013.751298
DO - 10.1080/03050629.2013.751298
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84874187946
VL - 39
SP - 79
EP - 98
JO - International Interactions
JF - International Interactions
SN - 0305-0629
IS - 1
ER -