TY - JOUR
T1 - Face-on orientation of fluorinated polymers conveyed by long alkyl chains
T2 - A prerequisite for high photovoltaic performances
AU - Ibraikulov , Olzhas
AU - Ngov, Chheng
AU - Chávez, Patricia
AU - Bulut, Ibrahim
AU - Heinrich, Benoît
AU - Boyron, Olivier
AU - Gerasimov, Kirill L.
AU - Ivanov, Dimitri A.
AU - Swaraj, Sufal
AU - Méry, Stéphane
AU - Leclerc, Nicolas
AU - Lévêque, Patrick
AU - Heiser, Thomas
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - The recently reported high power conversion efficiencies achieved in fluorinated polymer:fullerene solar cells have been accounted for by the presence of face-on oriented polymer backbones that enable charge transport towards the collecting electrodes. In this work, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the results of a number of reports, the face-on polymer orientation is due to the bulky side chains, rather than to aggregation in solution. This conclusion is supported by a comparative study of polymers having similar conjugated backbones but different number of fluorine atoms and different number and type of alkyl side chains. While the latter are primarily introduced to tune polymer solubility, the present in-depth thin-film morphology investigation shows that increasing the chain bulkiness favors formation of crystalline lamellae with face-on oriented backbones, independently of the degree of fluorination. By contrast, introduction of fluorine atoms is found to substantially enhance the π-stacking interactions that remain invariably strong upon blending of the polymer with fullerene. Our results demonstrate that, for the polymer family under investigation, fluorination and functionalization by bulky alkyl side chains are both needed for reaching power conversion efficiencies above 10%.
AB - The recently reported high power conversion efficiencies achieved in fluorinated polymer:fullerene solar cells have been accounted for by the presence of face-on oriented polymer backbones that enable charge transport towards the collecting electrodes. In this work, we demonstrate that, in contrast to the results of a number of reports, the face-on polymer orientation is due to the bulky side chains, rather than to aggregation in solution. This conclusion is supported by a comparative study of polymers having similar conjugated backbones but different number of fluorine atoms and different number and type of alkyl side chains. While the latter are primarily introduced to tune polymer solubility, the present in-depth thin-film morphology investigation shows that increasing the chain bulkiness favors formation of crystalline lamellae with face-on oriented backbones, independently of the degree of fluorination. By contrast, introduction of fluorine atoms is found to substantially enhance the π-stacking interactions that remain invariably strong upon blending of the polymer with fullerene. Our results demonstrate that, for the polymer family under investigation, fluorination and functionalization by bulky alkyl side chains are both needed for reaching power conversion efficiencies above 10%.
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U2 - 10.1039/c8ta04127j
DO - 10.1039/c8ta04127j
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85049231061
VL - 6
SP - 12038
EP - 12045
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry A
SN - 2050-7488
IS - 25
ER -