FREE - Fine-Grained Scheduling for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in LoRaWAN

Khaled Q. Abdelfadeel; Dimitrios Zorbas; Victor Cionca; Dirk Pesch

doi:10.1109/JIOT.2019.2949918

FREE - Fine-Grained Scheduling for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in LoRaWAN

Khaled Q. Abdelfadeel
, Dimitrios Zorbas
, Victor Cionca
, Dirk Pesch

University College Cork
Munster Technological University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

104 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

LoRaWAN promises to provide wide-area network access to low-cost devices that can operate for up to ten years on a single 1000-mAh battery. This makes LoRaWAN particularly suited for the data collection applications (e.g., monitoring applications), where device lifetime is a key performance metric. However, when supporting a large number of devices, LoRaWAN suffers from a scalability issue due to the high collision probability of its Aloha-based MAC layer. The performance worsens further when using acknowledged transmissions due to the duty-cycle restriction at the gateway. For this, we propose FREE, a fine-grained scheduling scheme for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in LoRaWAN. FREE takes advantage of applications that do not have hard delay requirements on data delivery by supporting the synchronized bulk data transmission. This means data are buffered for transmission in scheduled time slots instead of transmitted straight away. FREE allocates spreading factors, transmission powers, frequency channels, time slots, and schedules slots in frames for LoRaWAN end-devices. As a result, FREE overcomes the scalability problem of LoRaWAN by eliminating collisions and grouping acknowledgments. We evaluate the performance of FREE versus different legacy LoRaWAN configurations. The numerical results show that FREE scales well and achieves almost 100% data delivery and the device lifetime is estimated over ten years independent of traffic type and network size. In comparison to poor scalability, low data delivery and device lifetime of fewer than two years for acknowledged data traffic in the standard LoRaWAN configurations.

Original language	English
Article number	8884111
Pages (from-to)	669-683
Number of pages	15
Journal	IEEE Internet of Things Journal
Volume	7
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2019.2949918
Publication status	Published - Jan 2020
Externally published	Yes

Funding

This work was supported in part by the Science Foundation Ireland and Co-Funded by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant 13/IA/1885 and Grant 13/RC/2077, and in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship under Grant 713567. Manuscript received July 26, 2019; revised September 30, 2019; accepted October 21, 2019. Date of publication October 28, 2019; date of current version January 10, 2020. This work was supported in part by the Science Foundation Ireland and Co-Funded by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant 13/IA/1885 and Grant 13/RC/2077, and in part by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship under Grant 713567. (Corresponding author: Khaled Q. Abdelfadeel.) K. Q. Abdelfadeel and D. Pesch are with the School of Computer Science and IT, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62 Ireland (e-mail: [email protected]).

Keywords

Bulk data collection
LoRaWAN
reliability
scalability
scheduling
synchronization

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Signal Processing
Information Systems
Hardware and Architecture
Computer Science Applications
Computer Networks and Communications

Access to Document

10.1109/JIOT.2019.2949918

Cite this

@article{7bde5cb72b454c6482ed88363057114d,

title = "FREE - Fine-Grained Scheduling for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in LoRaWAN",

abstract = "LoRaWAN promises to provide wide-area network access to low-cost devices that can operate for up to ten years on a single 1000-mAh battery. This makes LoRaWAN particularly suited for the data collection applications (e.g., monitoring applications), where device lifetime is a key performance metric. However, when supporting a large number of devices, LoRaWAN suffers from a scalability issue due to the high collision probability of its Aloha-based MAC layer. The performance worsens further when using acknowledged transmissions due to the duty-cycle restriction at the gateway. For this, we propose FREE, a fine-grained scheduling scheme for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in LoRaWAN. FREE takes advantage of applications that do not have hard delay requirements on data delivery by supporting the synchronized bulk data transmission. This means data are buffered for transmission in scheduled time slots instead of transmitted straight away. FREE allocates spreading factors, transmission powers, frequency channels, time slots, and schedules slots in frames for LoRaWAN end-devices. As a result, FREE overcomes the scalability problem of LoRaWAN by eliminating collisions and grouping acknowledgments. We evaluate the performance of FREE versus different legacy LoRaWAN configurations. The numerical results show that FREE scales well and achieves almost 100\% data delivery and the device lifetime is estimated over ten years independent of traffic type and network size. In comparison to poor scalability, low data delivery and device lifetime of fewer than two years for acknowledged data traffic in the standard LoRaWAN configurations.",

keywords = "Bulk data collection, LoRaWAN, reliability, scalability, scheduling, synchronization",

author = "Abdelfadeel, \{Khaled Q.\} and Dimitrios Zorbas and Victor Cionca and Dirk Pesch",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Science Foundation Ireland and Co-Funded by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant 13/IA/1885 and Grant 13/RC/2077, and in part by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship under Grant 713567. Funding Information: Manuscript received July 26, 2019; revised September 30, 2019; accepted October 21, 2019. Date of publication October 28, 2019; date of current version January 10, 2020. This work was supported in part by the Science Foundation Ireland and Co-Funded by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant 13/IA/1885 and Grant 13/RC/2077, and in part by the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie Fellowship under Grant 713567. (Corresponding author: Khaled Q. Abdelfadeel.) K. Q. Abdelfadeel and D. Pesch are with the School of Computer Science and IT, University College Cork, Cork, T12XF62 Ireland (e-mail: [email protected]). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014 IEEE.",

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N2 - LoRaWAN promises to provide wide-area network access to low-cost devices that can operate for up to ten years on a single 1000-mAh battery. This makes LoRaWAN particularly suited for the data collection applications (e.g., monitoring applications), where device lifetime is a key performance metric. However, when supporting a large number of devices, LoRaWAN suffers from a scalability issue due to the high collision probability of its Aloha-based MAC layer. The performance worsens further when using acknowledged transmissions due to the duty-cycle restriction at the gateway. For this, we propose FREE, a fine-grained scheduling scheme for reliable and energy-efficient data collection in LoRaWAN. FREE takes advantage of applications that do not have hard delay requirements on data delivery by supporting the synchronized bulk data transmission. This means data are buffered for transmission in scheduled time slots instead of transmitted straight away. FREE allocates spreading factors, transmission powers, frequency channels, time slots, and schedules slots in frames for LoRaWAN end-devices. As a result, FREE overcomes the scalability problem of LoRaWAN by eliminating collisions and grouping acknowledgments. We evaluate the performance of FREE versus different legacy LoRaWAN configurations. The numerical results show that FREE scales well and achieves almost 100% data delivery and the device lifetime is estimated over ten years independent of traffic type and network size. In comparison to poor scalability, low data delivery and device lifetime of fewer than two years for acknowledged data traffic in the standard LoRaWAN configurations.

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FREE - Fine-Grained Scheduling for Reliable and Energy-Efficient Data Collection in LoRaWAN

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