Immunocytochemically detectable TGF-β associated with malignancy in thyroid epithelial neoplasia

The possible role of changes in TGF-β expression in the multistage development of thyroid cancer was assessed. The presence of TGF-β1 in thyroid epithelial cells was analyzed in sections of normal and tumor tissue using an immunoperoxidase technique employing an antibody directed against the amino-terminal 30 amino acids of mature TGF-β1. Specific immunostaining was clearly detected in epithelial cells in 58% of malignant thyroid tumours (including follicular, papillary, and anaplastic variants). However, no positive cells were seen in any of 7 benign tumors nor in any normal thyroid epithelium. Within the cancer group as a whole, there was no significant correlation with pathological grade or clinical stage of tumor but in one subgroup-follicular carcinomas-a significant association was noted between TGF-β immunostaining and the presence of a specific mutation of the H-ras oncogene (codon 61, glnarg). We conclude that a major alteration in expression of TGF-β occurs specifically in the malignant stage of tumor development in thyroid follicular epithelium and speculate on its possible role in this process.