TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigation of groundwater table distribution using borehole piezometer data interpolation
T2 - Case study of Singapore
AU - Nistor, Margarit Mircea
AU - Rahardjo, Harianto
AU - Satyanaga, Alfrendo
AU - Hao, Koh Zhe
AU - Xiaosheng, Qin
AU - Sham, Aaron Wai Lun
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Building Construction Authority and the sharing of the data from Singapore Land Authority, who are the collaborators of the project on The Development of Slope Management and Susceptibility Geographical Information System.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/6/20
Y1 - 2020/6/20
N2 - The variation of groundwater table is important information for Civil Engineering and related practices. The most appropriate datasets for the groundwater table mapping are the water level measurements in borehole piezometers. The methods for development of the groundwater table distribution on a continuous surface are affected by the hydrological factors and spatial variability of the soils. In this study, the piezometer data of the groundwater table in soils from four formations in Singapore were used to predict the continuous surface of the groundwater table. The interpolation of groundwater table elevation was performed using geostatistical analyses: inverse distance weighted (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolations within residual soils from Bukit Timah Granite Formation, Old Alluvium Formation, Jurong Formation, and Kallang Formation. The interpolations were completed based on 80% of dataset (1,282 piezometers for wet season and 2,567 piezometers for dry season). The evaluation of the predicted groundwater table maps was carried out using cross-validation method (CVM) based on 20% of the datasets (256 piezometers for wet season and 512 piezometers for dry season). The results show that the IDW and OK interpolations generated quite similar predictions of the groundwater table distribution ranging between -3.7 m and 58 m elevation with respect to sea level, depending on hydrogeological conditions and soil formation characteristics. The validation method indicated a very good performance of IDW and OK in predicting the groundwater table distribution in Singapore (r2 > 0.8). The proposed procedures and methodologies covering the interpretation of data from piezometers, spatial analyses and evaluation of groundwater table map via geographical information system (GIS) approach presented in this paper will benefit Civil Engineers prior to building construction. The developed groundwater table map will be useful to determine the optimum number of piezometers still required for designs, to design the low cost and effective ground improvement, foundation and retaining wall in order to ensure the stability of the building during and after the completion of the project.
AB - The variation of groundwater table is important information for Civil Engineering and related practices. The most appropriate datasets for the groundwater table mapping are the water level measurements in borehole piezometers. The methods for development of the groundwater table distribution on a continuous surface are affected by the hydrological factors and spatial variability of the soils. In this study, the piezometer data of the groundwater table in soils from four formations in Singapore were used to predict the continuous surface of the groundwater table. The interpolation of groundwater table elevation was performed using geostatistical analyses: inverse distance weighted (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolations within residual soils from Bukit Timah Granite Formation, Old Alluvium Formation, Jurong Formation, and Kallang Formation. The interpolations were completed based on 80% of dataset (1,282 piezometers for wet season and 2,567 piezometers for dry season). The evaluation of the predicted groundwater table maps was carried out using cross-validation method (CVM) based on 20% of the datasets (256 piezometers for wet season and 512 piezometers for dry season). The results show that the IDW and OK interpolations generated quite similar predictions of the groundwater table distribution ranging between -3.7 m and 58 m elevation with respect to sea level, depending on hydrogeological conditions and soil formation characteristics. The validation method indicated a very good performance of IDW and OK in predicting the groundwater table distribution in Singapore (r2 > 0.8). The proposed procedures and methodologies covering the interpretation of data from piezometers, spatial analyses and evaluation of groundwater table map via geographical information system (GIS) approach presented in this paper will benefit Civil Engineers prior to building construction. The developed groundwater table map will be useful to determine the optimum number of piezometers still required for designs, to design the low cost and effective ground improvement, foundation and retaining wall in order to ensure the stability of the building during and after the completion of the project.
KW - Borehole piezometer
KW - Groundwater table
KW - Inverse distance weighted
KW - Ordinary Kriging
KW - Singapore
KW - Spatial interpolation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105590
DO - 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105590
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082171300
VL - 271
JO - Engineering Geology
JF - Engineering Geology
SN - 0013-7952
M1 - 105590
ER -