Late diagnosis of CKD and associated survival after initiation of renal replacement therapy in Kazakhstan: analysis of nationwide electronic healthcare registry 2014–2019

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a significant global health challenge, often progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) necessitating renal replacement therapy (RRT). Late referral (LR) to nephrologists before RRT initiation is linked with adverse outcomes. However, data on CKD diagnosis and survival post-RRT initiation in Kazakhstan remain limited. This study aims to investigate the impact of late CKD diagnosis on survival prognosis after RRT initiation. Data were acquired from the Unified National Electronic Health System (UNEHS) for CKD patients initiating RRT between 2014 and 2019. Survival post-RRT initiation was assessed using the Cox Proportional Hazards Model. Totally, 211,655 CKD patients were registered in the UNEHS databases and 9,097 (4.3%) needed RRT. The most prevalent age group among RRT patients is 45?64?years, with a higher proportion of males (56%) and Kazakh ethnicity (64%). Seventy-four percent of patients were diagnosed late. The median follow-up time was 537 (IQR: 166?1101) days. Late diagnosis correlated with worse survival (HR = 1.18, p?