Abstract
The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of Ti3C2Tx, where Tx represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. Ti3C2Tx showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of Ti3C2Tx and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal | ACS Nano |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Accepted/In press - Jan 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- 2D materials
- adsorption
- dialysate
- MXenes
- urea
- wearable artificial kidney
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Materials Science(all)
- Engineering(all)
- Physics and Astronomy(all)
Cite this
MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate : A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney. / Meng, Fayan; Seredych, Mykola; Chen, Chi; Gura, Victor; Mikhalovsky, Sergey; Sandeman, Susan; Ingavle, Ganesh; Ozulumba, Tochukwu; Miao, Ling; Anasori, Babak; Gogotsi, Yury.
In: ACS Nano, 01.01.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate
T2 - A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney
AU - Meng, Fayan
AU - Seredych, Mykola
AU - Chen, Chi
AU - Gura, Victor
AU - Mikhalovsky, Sergey
AU - Sandeman, Susan
AU - Ingavle, Ganesh
AU - Ozulumba, Tochukwu
AU - Miao, Ling
AU - Anasori, Babak
AU - Gogotsi, Yury
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of Ti3C2Tx, where Tx represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. Ti3C2Tx showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of Ti3C2Tx and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
AB - The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of Ti3C2Tx, where Tx represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. Ti3C2Tx showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of Ti3C2Tx and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
KW - 2D materials
KW - adsorption
KW - dialysate
KW - MXenes
KW - urea
KW - wearable artificial kidney
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054359216&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85054359216&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsnano.8b06494
DO - 10.1021/acsnano.8b06494
M3 - Article
JO - ACS Nano
JF - ACS Nano
SN - 1936-0851
ER -