Abstract
Autophagy has emerged as a mechanism critical to both tumorigenesis and development of resistance to multiple lines of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, targeting autophagy and alternative cell death pathways has arisen as a viable strategy for refractory tumors. The anti-malarial 4-aminoquinoline compounds chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are currently being considered for re-purposing as anti-cancer therapies intended to sensitize different tumors by targeting the lysosomal cell death pathway. Here, we describe a novel organometallic chloroquine derivative, cymanquine, that exhibits enhanced bioactivity compared to chloroquine in both normal, and reduced pH tumor microenvironments, thus overcoming a defined limitation of traditional 4-aminoquinolines. In vitro, cymanquine exhibits greater potency than CQ in a diverse panel of human cancer cell lines, including melanoma, in both normal pH and in reduced pH conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment. Cymanquine treatment results in greater lysosomal accumulation than chloroquine and induces lysosomal dysfunction leading to autophagy blockade. Using a mouse model of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma, cymanquine slowed tumor growth greater than hydroxychloroquine, and when used in combination with vemurafenib, cymanquine partially restored sensitivity to vemurafenib. Overall, we show that cymanquine exhibits superior lysosomal accumulation and autophagy blockade than either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in vitro; and in addition to its high level of tolerability in mice, exhibits superior in vivo efficacy in a model of human melanoma.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 5921-5933 |
| Number of pages | 13 |
| Journal | Journal of Cellular Biochemistry |
| Volume | 119 |
| Issue number | 7 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 1 2018 |
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Keywords
- autophagy
- chloroquine
- lysosome
- melanoma
- vemurafenib-resistance
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Cite this
Novel organometallic chloroquine derivative inhibits tumor growth. / Hall, Elizabeth A.; Ramsey, Jon E.; Peng, Zhihua; Hayrapetyan, Davit; Shkepu, Viacheslav; O'Rourke, Bruce; Geiger, William; Lam Georges, Kevin; Verschraegen, Claire F.
In: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, Vol. 119, No. 7, 01.07.2018, p. 5921-5933.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel organometallic chloroquine derivative inhibits tumor growth
AU - Hall, Elizabeth A.
AU - Ramsey, Jon E.
AU - Peng, Zhihua
AU - Hayrapetyan, Davit
AU - Shkepu, Viacheslav
AU - O'Rourke, Bruce
AU - Geiger, William
AU - Lam Georges, Kevin
AU - Verschraegen, Claire F.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - Autophagy has emerged as a mechanism critical to both tumorigenesis and development of resistance to multiple lines of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, targeting autophagy and alternative cell death pathways has arisen as a viable strategy for refractory tumors. The anti-malarial 4-aminoquinoline compounds chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are currently being considered for re-purposing as anti-cancer therapies intended to sensitize different tumors by targeting the lysosomal cell death pathway. Here, we describe a novel organometallic chloroquine derivative, cymanquine, that exhibits enhanced bioactivity compared to chloroquine in both normal, and reduced pH tumor microenvironments, thus overcoming a defined limitation of traditional 4-aminoquinolines. In vitro, cymanquine exhibits greater potency than CQ in a diverse panel of human cancer cell lines, including melanoma, in both normal pH and in reduced pH conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment. Cymanquine treatment results in greater lysosomal accumulation than chloroquine and induces lysosomal dysfunction leading to autophagy blockade. Using a mouse model of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma, cymanquine slowed tumor growth greater than hydroxychloroquine, and when used in combination with vemurafenib, cymanquine partially restored sensitivity to vemurafenib. Overall, we show that cymanquine exhibits superior lysosomal accumulation and autophagy blockade than either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in vitro; and in addition to its high level of tolerability in mice, exhibits superior in vivo efficacy in a model of human melanoma.
AB - Autophagy has emerged as a mechanism critical to both tumorigenesis and development of resistance to multiple lines of anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, targeting autophagy and alternative cell death pathways has arisen as a viable strategy for refractory tumors. The anti-malarial 4-aminoquinoline compounds chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are currently being considered for re-purposing as anti-cancer therapies intended to sensitize different tumors by targeting the lysosomal cell death pathway. Here, we describe a novel organometallic chloroquine derivative, cymanquine, that exhibits enhanced bioactivity compared to chloroquine in both normal, and reduced pH tumor microenvironments, thus overcoming a defined limitation of traditional 4-aminoquinolines. In vitro, cymanquine exhibits greater potency than CQ in a diverse panel of human cancer cell lines, including melanoma, in both normal pH and in reduced pH conditions that mimic the tumor microenvironment. Cymanquine treatment results in greater lysosomal accumulation than chloroquine and induces lysosomal dysfunction leading to autophagy blockade. Using a mouse model of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma, cymanquine slowed tumor growth greater than hydroxychloroquine, and when used in combination with vemurafenib, cymanquine partially restored sensitivity to vemurafenib. Overall, we show that cymanquine exhibits superior lysosomal accumulation and autophagy blockade than either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in vitro; and in addition to its high level of tolerability in mice, exhibits superior in vivo efficacy in a model of human melanoma.
KW - autophagy
KW - chloroquine
KW - lysosome
KW - melanoma
KW - vemurafenib-resistance
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85044387588&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/jcb.26787
DO - 10.1002/jcb.26787
M3 - Article
VL - 119
SP - 5921
EP - 5933
JO - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
JF - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
SN - 0730-2312
IS - 7
ER -