Polymorphic Loci of Adaptively Significant Genes Selection for Determining Nucleotide Polymorphism of Pinus Sylvestris L. Populations in the Urals

Scots pine is one of the main forest-forming species of boreal forests, it has great economic and ecological significance. This study aimed to develop and test primers for detecting nucleotide polymorphism of genes promising for detecting adaptive genetic variability in populations of P. sylvestris in the Urals and adjacent territories. The objects of the study were 13 populations of Scots pine located in the Perm Territory, Chelyabinsk Region, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Sixteen pairs of primers to loci of potentially adaptively significant genes were developed, from which three pairs of primers were selected to detect the nucleotide diversity of the studied populations. The indicator of total haplotype diversity determined in the three studied loci varied from 0.620 (Pinus-12 locus) to 0.737 (Pinus-11 locus) and, on average, amounted to 0.662. The nucleotide diversity indicators in P. sylvestris in the study region are, on average, low (π= 0.004, θW = 0.013). Their highest values were established in the Pinus-12 locus (π= 0.005; θW = 0.032), and the lowest – in the Pinus-15 locus (π= 0.003; θW = 0.002). This indicates that Pinus-15 is the most conservative of the three studied loci. In the three studied P. sylvestris loci associated with adaptation to environmental factors, 97 polymorphic positions were identified. The 13 populations of P. sylvestris are characterized by an average level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.662; π = 0.004; θ = 0.013). The polymorphic loci of adaptively significant genes of P. sylvestris can help identify the adaptive potential of pine forests in conditions of increasing ambient temperatures.