Potential replacements for rockwool as growing substrate for greenhouse tomato

The greenhouse industry needs renewable, cheap, and available substitutes for rockwool. The physical properties and performance of rockwool substitutes such as low grade peat, composted bark white spruce and fir, shavings, sawdust, and peat-bark mixtures were compared during two greenhouse experiments with tomato grown in plastic bags. Air and water filled porosities greatly differed between substrates, particularly for sawdust and shavings. Relative gas diffusivity (D_s/D_o) and the hydraulic conductivity were less different between substrates. The physical properties of the substrates changed over a production cycle but the changes were small compared to treatment differences. Yields in peat-bark substrates were similar to rockwool substrates during both the short and long experiments but were lower in sawdust and shavings during the long experiment. The yield differences expected between media were less than the differences between some substrate physical properties of the various media. Yields were positively related to easily available water (EAW) and negatively related to D_s/D_o and air-filled porosity (AFP). This indicated excessive drainage for the low-yielding substrates. In plastic bags, media properties related to aeration were not good indicators of production because the plants adapted to the lack of aeration by modifying their root distribution. White spruce and fir bark alone or mixed with low-grade peat showed high potential for greenhouse tomato production and represent an environmental sound alternative to rockwool.