TY - JOUR
T1 - Quantification and the sources identification of total and insoluble hexavalent chromium in ambient PM
T2 - A case study of Aktobe, Kazakhstan
AU - Adotey, Enoch K.
AU - Burkutova, Lyailya
AU - Tastanova, Lyazzat
AU - Bekeshev, Amirbek
AU - Balanay, Mannix P.
AU - Sabanov, Sergei
AU - Rule, Anna M.
AU - Hopke, Philip K.
AU - Amouei Torkmahalleh, Mehdi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a known carcinogen, emanates from both anthropogenic and natural sources. A pilot study of the ambient Cr(VI) concentrations was conducted at the center of Aktobe which is a few kilometers away from major industrial chromium plants. Total Cr(VI) concentrations were measured in the fall and winter seasons with mean values (S.D) of 5.30 (2.16) ng/m3 and 2.26 (1.80) ng/m3, respectively. Insoluble Cr(VI) levels were 4.80 (1.96) and 2.19 (1.75) ng/m3 for the fall and winter, respectively. The total and insoluble Cr(VI) concentrations in the fall season were significantly higher than in winter, likely due to the higher rate of Cr(III) oxidation in the presence of ozone and ROS in fall compared to the rate of Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of VOCs at higher temperatures. On average, total Cr(VI) constituted 34.49% of the total Cr concentrations suggesting that the dominant valence state of Cr in the atmosphere is Cr(III). The previous reference values of exposure to Cr(VI) must be revisited by taking into account the insoluble Cr(VI) concentration since it is more prevalent in the atmosphere compared to soluble Cr(VI). The influence of the chromium plants as potential sources was not obvious in this study.
AB - Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a known carcinogen, emanates from both anthropogenic and natural sources. A pilot study of the ambient Cr(VI) concentrations was conducted at the center of Aktobe which is a few kilometers away from major industrial chromium plants. Total Cr(VI) concentrations were measured in the fall and winter seasons with mean values (S.D) of 5.30 (2.16) ng/m3 and 2.26 (1.80) ng/m3, respectively. Insoluble Cr(VI) levels were 4.80 (1.96) and 2.19 (1.75) ng/m3 for the fall and winter, respectively. The total and insoluble Cr(VI) concentrations in the fall season were significantly higher than in winter, likely due to the higher rate of Cr(III) oxidation in the presence of ozone and ROS in fall compared to the rate of Cr(VI) reduction in the presence of VOCs at higher temperatures. On average, total Cr(VI) constituted 34.49% of the total Cr concentrations suggesting that the dominant valence state of Cr in the atmosphere is Cr(III). The previous reference values of exposure to Cr(VI) must be revisited by taking into account the insoluble Cr(VI) concentration since it is more prevalent in the atmosphere compared to soluble Cr(VI). The influence of the chromium plants as potential sources was not obvious in this study.
KW - Atmospheric chemistry
KW - IC-UV
KW - Insoluble hexavalent chromium
KW - Kazakhstan
KW - Microwave digestion
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U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136057
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136057
M3 - Article
C2 - 35995192
AN - SCOPUS:85136313101
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 307
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
M1 - 136057
ER -
