TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial distribution, variation and trend of five-day antecedent rainfall in Singapore
AU - Rahardjo, Harianto
AU - Nistor, Mărgărit Mircea
AU - Gofar, Nurly
AU - Satyanaga, Alfrendo
AU - Xiaosheng, Qin
AU - Chui Yee, Sabrina Ip
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Building and Construction Authority Singapore. The authors would like to acknowledge the funding support from Building Construction Authority and the sharing of the data from Singapore Land Authority, who are the collaborator of ?The Development of Slope Management and Susceptibility Geographical Information System? project.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/7/2
Y1 - 2020/7/2
N2 - This paper presents the spatial distribution, variation and trend of 5-day antecedent rainfall in Singapore based on rainfall data from 22 meteorological stations. The effect of climate was analyzed by dividing the study period into three decades i.e. Decade 1: 1982–1991, Decade 2: 1992–2001 and Decade 3: 2002–2011. Kriging interpolation was used for rainfall mapping. The results show that spatial distribution of 5-day antecedent rainfall does not coincide with that of the annual rainfall. The maximum annual rainfall occurred in the northwestern side of Singapore. On the other hand, the maximum 5-day antecedent rainfall occurred in the north and northeastern sides. The results of this study suggest that the climate change has increased the amount of 5-day antecedent rainfall quite significantly, i.e. from 420.5 (1987) to 592.9 mm (2006), thus affecting the vulnerability of the area with respect to rainfall-induced slope failure. The analyses also showed that most of slope failures were located in the north and northeast of Singapore between December and earlier March. More slope failures were observed in Decade 3 as compared to Decades 1 and 2. In other words, the analysis confirmed that 5-day antecedent rainfall had affected the slope stability in Singapore.
AB - This paper presents the spatial distribution, variation and trend of 5-day antecedent rainfall in Singapore based on rainfall data from 22 meteorological stations. The effect of climate was analyzed by dividing the study period into three decades i.e. Decade 1: 1982–1991, Decade 2: 1992–2001 and Decade 3: 2002–2011. Kriging interpolation was used for rainfall mapping. The results show that spatial distribution of 5-day antecedent rainfall does not coincide with that of the annual rainfall. The maximum annual rainfall occurred in the northwestern side of Singapore. On the other hand, the maximum 5-day antecedent rainfall occurred in the north and northeastern sides. The results of this study suggest that the climate change has increased the amount of 5-day antecedent rainfall quite significantly, i.e. from 420.5 (1987) to 592.9 mm (2006), thus affecting the vulnerability of the area with respect to rainfall-induced slope failure. The analyses also showed that most of slope failures were located in the north and northeast of Singapore between December and earlier March. More slope failures were observed in Decade 3 as compared to Decades 1 and 2. In other words, the analysis confirmed that 5-day antecedent rainfall had affected the slope stability in Singapore.
KW - Antecedent rainfall
KW - climate change
KW - GIS
KW - Singapore
KW - spatial–temporal analysis
KW - tropical residual soil
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U2 - 10.1080/17499518.2019.1639196
DO - 10.1080/17499518.2019.1639196
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85068590146
VL - 14
SP - 177
EP - 191
JO - Georisk
JF - Georisk
SN - 1749-9518
IS - 3
ER -