Spatiotemporal Variations in Urban Wetlands in Kazakhstan: A Case of the Taldykol Lake System in Astana City

Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban wetlands in Kazakhstan is crucial for their effective preservation and sustainable urban development. Our findings identify past and present Land Use Land Cover (LULC) in the capital city, providing policymakers with scientific evidence for improved management. Using remote sensing a nd Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, this study examines the spatiotemporal changes in the Taldykol catchment area during the rapid development of Astana. In 1992, over 90% of the catchment area was grassland and vegetation. By 2022, 30% of the area became barren land. Urban areas increased by 127%, and water areas decreased by 24%. The most significant changes occurred in lakes Taldykol and Kishi Taldykol, whose areas shrank by 91% and 54%, respectively. The near-disappearance of the Taldykol wetlands is likely to contribute to rising land surface temperatures (LST), decreased natural flood control capacity, reduced biodiversity, and diminished recreational opportunities. The fate of Taldykol lakes underscores the urgent need to raise public awareness about the role of wetlands in Kazakhstan’s ecosystems and take action to preserve urban wetlands.