Abstract
The effects of different cation concentrations and types on rheological property and stability of Guar, Xanthan, and Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) cross-linked gels were analyzed through experiments. Also, a new approach was developed to reduce the negative effects of cation by application of multi-walled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs). The presence of cations in cross-linked gel system will reduce the viscosity of gel, the higher the cation concentration is, the lower the viscosity will be. The bivalent cation has a greater viscosity reduction effect on gel than monovalent cation. The stability of cross-linked gels is worse with cations, this situation becomes more serious under higher salinity. MWCNTs were added to HPAM gel, cross-linked by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), they surrounded cations and removed them from polymers and reduced the reaction possibility. This method enhances the viscosity and breakdown pressure of cross-linked gels, improves the stability of HPAM cross-linked gel under different operating conditions, and can be applied to related drilling projects.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 826-832 |
Number of pages | 7 |
Journal | Petroleum Exploration and Development |
Volume | 46 |
Issue number | 4 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 1 2019 |
Keywords
- cation
- cross-linked polymer
- gel system
- multi-walled carbon nano-tubes
- rheological property
- stability
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Geology
- Geochemistry and Petrology
- Economic Geology