@article{2b7b08e5dea14f2fb3c84293111435a5,
title = "The TOP-SCOPE Survey of PGCCs: PMO and SCUBA-2 Observations of 64 PGCCs in the Second Galactic Quadrant",
abstract = "In order to understand the initial conditions and early evolution of star formation in a wide range of Galactic environments, we carried out an investigation of 64 Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) in the second quadrant of the Milky Way. Using the 13CO and C18O J = 1-0 lines and 850 μm continuum observations, we investigated cloud fragmentation and evolution associated with star formation. We extracted 468 clumps and 117 cores from the 13CO line and 850 μm continuum maps, respectively. We made use of the Bayesian distance calculator and derived the distances of all 64 PGCCs. We found that in general, the mass-size plane follows a relation of m ∼ r 1.67. At a given scale, the masses of our objects are around 1/10 of that of typical Galactic massive star-forming regions. Analysis of the clump and core masses, virial parameters, densities, and mass-size relation suggests that the PGCCs in our sample have a low core formation efficiency (∼3.0%), and most PGCCs are likely low-mass star-forming candidates. Statistical study indicates that the 850 μm cores are more turbulent, more optically thick, and denser than the 13CO clumps for star formation candidates, suggesting that the 850 μm cores are likely more appropriate future star formation candidates than the 13CO clumps.",
keywords = "dust, extinction, ISM: clouds, ISM: structure, stars: formation",
author = "Zhang, {Chuan Peng} and Tie Liu and Jinghua Yuan and Patricio Sanhueza and Alessio Traficante and Li, {Guang Xing} and Di Li and Ken'Ichi Tatematsu and Ke Wang and Lee, {Chang Won} and Samal, {Manash R.} and David Eden and Anthony Marston and Liu, {Xiao Lan} and Zhou, {Jian Jun} and Li, {Pak Shing} and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Xu, {Jin Long} and Yuefang Wu and Mika Juvela and Tianwei Zhang and Dana Alina and Goldsmith, {Paul F.} and T{\'o}th, {L. V.} and Wang, {Jun Jie} and Kim, {Kee Tae}",
note = "Funding Information: We first thank the anonymous referee for prompting many clarifications of this paper. This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 2015CB857100 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grants 11703040, 11503035, and 11573036, and the National Key R&D Program of China 2017YFA0402600 and the CAS International Partnership Program No. 114A11KYSB20160008. C.-P. Zhang acknowledges support by the China Scholarship Council in Germany as a postdoctoral researcher (No. 201704910137). Tie Liu is supported by an EACOA fellowship. C.W.L. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program though the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (NRF-2016R1A2B4012593). M.J. acknowledges the support of Academy of Finland grant No. 285769. G.-C. Li is supported by the DFG Cluster of Excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe.” K.W. is supported by grant WA3628-1/1 of the German Research Foundation (DFG) through priority program 1573 (“Physics of the Interstellar Medium”). L.V. Toth acknowledges the support of OTKA grant NN-111016. P.S. was financially supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI Number 18H01259) of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). We are grateful to the staff at the Qinghai Station of PMO for their assistance during the observations. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, the National Astronomical Observatories of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB09000000), with additional funding support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom and participating universities in the United Kingdom and Canada. The SCUBA-2 data mainly taken in this paper were observed under project code M16AL002. Facilities: PMO, JCMT, WISE. Funding Information: The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, the Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, the National Astronomical Observatories of China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant No. XDB09000000), with additional funding support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom and participating universities in the United Kingdom and Canada. The SCUBA-2 data mainly taken in this paper were observed under project code M16AL002. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..",
year = "2018",
month = jun,
doi = "10.3847/1538-4365/aac513",
language = "English",
volume = "236",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series",
issn = "0067-0049",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",
}