Time-slotted LoRa MAC with variable payload support

Anna Triantafyllou; Dimitrios Zorbas; Panagiotis Sarigiannidis

doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.043

Time-slotted LoRa MAC with variable payload support

Anna Triantafyllou
, Dimitrios Zorbas
, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis

University of Western Macedonia

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

LoRaWAN is an upcoming Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology for Internet of Things implementations in various application domains. Despite its various advantages, LoRaWAN employs an Aloha-based MAC, which in terms of performance cannot guarantee high packet delivery ratio and low latency. To overcome this issue, we propose a time-slotted scheme, called TS-VP-LoRa, which supports multiple transmission times and packet sizes at the same time. In TS-VP-LoRa, scheduling is coordinated by the LoRa gateway, broadcasting beacon frames periodically for the synchronization of LoRa end-devices. A channel hopping mechanism is also proposed in order to minimize the occurrence of collisions and to evenly split the transmission load among all channels. TS-VP-LoRa is evaluated and compared to three other MAC-layer schemes in single gateway simulation scenarios with up to 500 nodes. The proposed scheme has proven to achieve low latency with high packet delivery ratios, significantly minimize collisions and maintain a relatively low energy consumption despite the scaling of the LoRa network.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	146-154
Number of pages	9
Journal	Computer Communications
Volume	193
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.043
Publication status	Published - Sept 1 2022

Funding

This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 957406 (TERMINET) and from Nazarbayev University Kazakhstan grant No. 11022021FD2916 for the project “DELITMENT: DEterministic Long-range IoT MEsh NeTworks”. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 957406 (TERMINET) and from Nazarbayev University Kazakhstan grant No. 11022021FD2916 for the project “DELITMENT: DEterministic Long-range IoT MEsh NeTworks”.

Keywords

Aloha
LoRa
LoRaWAN
Synchronization
Time-slotted

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Computer Networks and Communications

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1016/j.comcom.2022.06.043

Cite this

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abstract = "LoRaWAN is an upcoming Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology for Internet of Things implementations in various application domains. Despite its various advantages, LoRaWAN employs an Aloha-based MAC, which in terms of performance cannot guarantee high packet delivery ratio and low latency. To overcome this issue, we propose a time-slotted scheme, called TS-VP-LoRa, which supports multiple transmission times and packet sizes at the same time. In TS-VP-LoRa, scheduling is coordinated by the LoRa gateway, broadcasting beacon frames periodically for the synchronization of LoRa end-devices. A channel hopping mechanism is also proposed in order to minimize the occurrence of collisions and to evenly split the transmission load among all channels. TS-VP-LoRa is evaluated and compared to three other MAC-layer schemes in single gateway simulation scenarios with up to 500 nodes. The proposed scheme has proven to achieve low latency with high packet delivery ratios, significantly minimize collisions and maintain a relatively low energy consumption despite the scaling of the LoRa network.",

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N1 - Funding Information: This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 957406 (TERMINET) and from Nazarbayev University Kazakhstan grant No. 11022021FD2916 for the project “DELITMENT: DEterministic Long-range IoT MEsh NeTworks”. Funding Information: This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 957406 (TERMINET) and from Nazarbayev University Kazakhstan grant No. 11022021FD2916 for the project “DELITMENT: DEterministic Long-range IoT MEsh NeTworks”. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

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N2 - LoRaWAN is an upcoming Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology for Internet of Things implementations in various application domains. Despite its various advantages, LoRaWAN employs an Aloha-based MAC, which in terms of performance cannot guarantee high packet delivery ratio and low latency. To overcome this issue, we propose a time-slotted scheme, called TS-VP-LoRa, which supports multiple transmission times and packet sizes at the same time. In TS-VP-LoRa, scheduling is coordinated by the LoRa gateway, broadcasting beacon frames periodically for the synchronization of LoRa end-devices. A channel hopping mechanism is also proposed in order to minimize the occurrence of collisions and to evenly split the transmission load among all channels. TS-VP-LoRa is evaluated and compared to three other MAC-layer schemes in single gateway simulation scenarios with up to 500 nodes. The proposed scheme has proven to achieve low latency with high packet delivery ratios, significantly minimize collisions and maintain a relatively low energy consumption despite the scaling of the LoRa network.

AB - LoRaWAN is an upcoming Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology for Internet of Things implementations in various application domains. Despite its various advantages, LoRaWAN employs an Aloha-based MAC, which in terms of performance cannot guarantee high packet delivery ratio and low latency. To overcome this issue, we propose a time-slotted scheme, called TS-VP-LoRa, which supports multiple transmission times and packet sizes at the same time. In TS-VP-LoRa, scheduling is coordinated by the LoRa gateway, broadcasting beacon frames periodically for the synchronization of LoRa end-devices. A channel hopping mechanism is also proposed in order to minimize the occurrence of collisions and to evenly split the transmission load among all channels. TS-VP-LoRa is evaluated and compared to three other MAC-layer schemes in single gateway simulation scenarios with up to 500 nodes. The proposed scheme has proven to achieve low latency with high packet delivery ratios, significantly minimize collisions and maintain a relatively low energy consumption despite the scaling of the LoRa network.

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Time-slotted LoRa MAC with variable payload support

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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