Surface Modification Techniques for Metallic Biomedical Alloys: A Concise Review

Developing biomaterials with appropriate physiochemical and mechanical properties as per the requirements set by biomedical applications remains a challenge. This challenge has pushed research in the direction of biomaterials development and the surface modification of existing materials that could be useful for biomedical applications. Keeping this demand in focus, this paper intends to conduct an in-depth review, which includes, first, the requirements of biomedical surfaces associated with the growth of cells on biomedical alloys, such as the bone formation, adhesion, increased wear resistance and biofilm formation; second, possible biomaterials candidates for such applications; and third, possible surface modification techniques. Both subtractive and additive methods of surface modification are discussed, along with their pros and cons. Hence, this study gives an excellent compendium of scientific works conducted on surface modification techniques and the development of biocompatible surface alloys, along with research trends.